Friday, 12 October 2012

GREEN ARCHITECTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA


 Green Architecture is a concept developed to encourage sustainable development. It brings transformation to design and construction in both developed and developing economy. The paper analyses the nature of design and construction in Nigeria on the basis of green and sustainable practice. It surmises that the concept of green architecture will affect the nature of architecture and design which depends on the choice of materials, the construction techniques, the calculated cost of construction and the climatic conditions in Nigeria. It posits that the developmental concept of green architecture in Nigeria will encourage sustainable development and environmental protection.

Green Architecture and Courtyard System:
Green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment. The "green" architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices. Green architecture entails adequate natural ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling, appropriate energy-efficient lighting and appliances, adequate and appropriate landscapes that ensures maximum passive solar energy. Generally green architecture ensures minimal harm to the natural habitat. Location of building on site, including access, and utility supply routes; Arrangement of internal rooms, and doors and windows; Dimensions of building and environmental components Finally it takes into consideration the Color, texture, ornamentation of building in relationship to the environment.


A Court or courtyard is an enclosed area, often a space enclosed by a building that is open to the sky and areas in inns and public buildings were often the primary meeting places for some purposes, leading to the other meanings of court (Wikipedia, 2012c). Courtyards have always been part of residential architecture for a very long time. It has been historically used for many purposes which included cooking, sleeping, working, playing, gardening, and even places to keep animals (Wikipedia, 2012c).


One of the great attributes of courtyard design concept is that it allows for good fenestration and privacy. It allows for good flow of indoor and outdoor activities thereby removing the pressure of activities within a given space. Courtyard regulates the micro climate within the enclosure through the free use of vegetation. In densely populated areas, a courtyard in a home can provide privacy for a family, a break from the frantic pace of everyday life, and a safe place for children to play. With space at a premium, architects are experimenting with courtyards as a way to provide outdoor space for small communities of people at a time.

In contemporary African setting like in Nigeria, one of the finest aspects of cooking and dining outside is to enjoy the nature with friends and family which is accommodated in a courtyard.


Courtyard design accommodates the requirements of the permanent resident, whilst offering the flexibility required by the transient occupation of holiday accommodation. In traditional houses, courtyards perform an important task as a modifier of climate. It allows outdoor activities to occur with protection from wind, dust, and sun (Petherbridge, 1995).


Courtyards serve as light-wells in a building type that restricts exterior windows (Wikipedia, 2012c). They also serve as air-wells into which the cool, dense night air sinks. Since the courtyard is usually protected by walls, loggias, or galleries sun rays do not heat it until later in the day. When the sun reaches the court and heated air rises, convection current set up airflow that ventilates the house and keeps it cool Abarkan and Salama (2000).
References:
Abarkan, A. and Salama

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